Cornelio Saavedra: The Colossal Bolivian Hero from Potosí Who Defended Buenos Aires and Founded the Patricios

Cornelio Saavedra: The Colossal Bolivian Hero from Potosí Who Defended Buenos Aires and Founded the Patricios

 

Image / The Bolivian general Dr. Cornelio Saavedra helped and fought in Argentina

By: Marco A. Ayllon Bueno

The Bolivian general and statesman Cornelio Saavedra, originally from Potosí, was the architect of the defense of Buenos Aires against the Second British Invasion in 1807.

Thanks to his leadership and high education at the University of Potosí in Bolivia, the Potosí hero unified Buenos Aires society to found the legendary Regiment of Patricians —the first patriotic militia corps in South America— consolidating a historic victory indispensable for the future independence of Argentina.

The Leader Who Unified the Social Classes

Cornelio Saavedra belonged to one of the most prestigious families in the city of Potosí, Bolivia, and was part of the economic elite of the Río de la Plata region. Despite his high birth, his service as a councilman in the Cabildo in 1797 and as Attorney General in 1799 made him a fervent defender of local rights.

His altruistic work earned him the absolute respect of the lower classes of Buenos Aires. This profound popular trust transformed him into an irreplaceable leader, capable of uniting and amalgamating citizens from all social strata (lower, middle, and upper classes) into a single armed military force.

Founder of the Patrician Regiment

Under the trust of Viceroy Santiago de Liniers, Saavedra assumed command as the first Commander and Chief of the historic Patricios Regiment (1st Infantry Regiment of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata). Alongside prominent commanders and a contingent from Potosí, Saavedra structured this civilian militia composed of men who, for the most part, lacked prior military experience. "Saavedra's Great Regiment" thus became the people's army, for the people.

Modern Strategy and Key Battles of 1807

On July 5, 1807 , Buenos Aires faced the largest and most colossal British offensive in its history. In this baptism of fire, the Bolivian Cornelio Saavedra and the Patricios led the city's defense in decisive urban battles.

• The Battle of the Streets of Buenos Aires: Faced with the British advance in thirteen columns, Saavedra implemented modern defensive tactics, coordinating the counterattack from the barricades. The popular regiment repelled the onslaught with a fierce discipline that surprised the invaders. 

• The Reconquest of the Convent of Santo Domingo: British Lieutenant Colonel Denis Pack and his troops had seized the convent and were firing from the rooftops. Saavedra, at the head of the Patricios Regiment, played a heroic role in a stubborn resistance that surrounded the building. The fierce siege by the local militia finally forced the complete surrender of the British column at this key point.

His military genius not only definitively repelled the ambitions of the English crown in the Argentine region, but also laid the operational foundations for the emancipatory feat of the south of the continent.

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#CornelioSaavedra #PotosíHero #PatriciosRegiment #BritishInvasions1807 #SouthAmericanHistory #PotosiBolivia #TheGreatOne #ArgentineIndependence #SantiagoDeLiniers #PopularMilitias #SantoDomingo1807

The War of the Pacific and the Role of the British Empire in Chile's Invasion of Bolivia

The War of the Pacific and the Role of the British Empire in Chile's Invasion of Bolivia

 

Chile and England invaded the coastal cities of the Republic of Bolivia

By: Marco A. Ayllon Bueno

Chile invaded Bolivia by force

The origins of the War of the Pacific date back long before 1860. Two Chilean businessmen, José Santos Ossa and Francisco Puelma, founded a nitrate mining company. It was a medium-sized business until, a decade later, nitrate increased in popularity thanks to its fertilizing properties, which generated high global demand. It was then that Ossa and Puelma traveled to Valparaíso to partner with the British financial firms Melbourne Clark and Company and William Gibbs . This alliance would eventually transform into an influential network of British magnates who coveted the nitrate territories of Bolivia and Peru.

Interestingly, the demand for this resource sparked the Chilean arms race. From 1870 onward, Chile acquired numerous warships and modern artillery. In this regard, the then US Secretary of State, James Blaine, stated emphatically:

"English bankers were responsible for the war against Bolivia. They were involved in everything. The Chilean army, along with English mercenaries who invaded Bolivian ports, raided and seized its important businesses, its copper mines, other valuable metals, saltpeter, and Bolivian guano. Those sinister ships also destroyed the Peruvian navy; they were financed by England. The Peruvians had larger guano deposits than Bolivia. This was a war waged by England against Bolivia, using Chile as a pawn. Chile would not have started this conflict alone if it hadn't been for the backing of English capital." 

The surprise assault of the “Rotos” on Bolivian ports

After prolonged conflicts over late payments from Chile to Bolivia, both countries signed an agreement in 1874. In this treaty, Bolivia forgave some Chilean debts and Bolivia pledged not to increase taxes on Chilean nitrate corporations operating in the Bolivian region of Antofagasta.

However, shortly thereafter, the Bolivian government decided to increase the tax on all companies working with Bolivian nitrate, including retailers. This measure was based on a valid reason: the price of Bolivian nitrate had risen on the international market, and, moreover, these Chilean nitrate corporations were actually British-owned.

Chile immediately rejected the tax increases. When Bolivia, faced with accumulated Chilean debts to the state, threatened to confiscate British mining companies, Chile, along with England, responded with war.

In the years leading up to the conflict, Bolivia's economy was based on mining and the nascent oil extraction in the eastern regions. External debt grew as guano reserves dwindled, while Chilean and British companies increased their sales and corporate expansion intensified.

Despite the difficulties, Bolivia had begun the construction of railway lines to western port cities such as Antofagasta, with the aim of interconnecting the mining and agricultural regions with the sea.

The increase in tariffs for the exploitation of saltpeter and guano was a fair and sovereign measure, aligned with international prices and aimed at modernizing the national economy. However, in February 1879, Chilean troops, supported financially and logistically by Great Britain, launched a surprise invasion of the Bolivian territory of Antofagasta.

The verdict of British greed

Bolivia's coastline was invaded by a country that, until then, was mired in profound economic hardship. At the time, they were popularly called "Chilean ragpickers" because their troops and civilians wore tattered and patched clothing. Before the invasion, Chile was experiencing a famine that lasted for more than 20 years, compounded by rampant inflation and a scarcity of well-paying jobs.

In the midst of this extreme crisis, Chile decided to advance militarily with the financial support of British companies, which transported and resold Bolivian nitrates, guano, and copper in Europe. Chilean workers had migrated en masse from the south to Bolivian ports in search of employment in the nitrate mining industry.

It took Chile and its army—reinforced by hired mercenaries—more than eight years to prepare and consolidate its invasion. Today, the Bolivian city of Calama and other northern coastal cities, although under Chilean sovereignty and distanced from their Bolivian institutional roots, maintain intact cultural, folkloric, and artistic ties with Bolivia, since many of the region's services and products still have that origin.

Likewise, the minerals extracted from the old Bolivian mines continue to support the Chilean central government, while other Bolivian coastal cities such as Calama, Tocopilla, Taltal and Antofagasta suffer from neglect and oblivion.

To carry out the Pacific campaign, the Chilean navy recruited thousands of foreigners, primarily European and British mercenaries, to train troops and crew ships. British businessmen facilitated the necessary investments to import the modern war materiel used against Bolivian cities, which had few military personnel. In fact, the foreign influence of mercenaries was notable on the Chilean side: a considerable portion of the crews of key ships in the conflict were British and of other European nationalities.

As a counterstrategy, the Bolivian government proposed issuing Letters of Marque against Chilean-British ships and merchandise. Since Bolivia had not signed the Treaty of Paris of 1856, it legally possessed the full international right to issue these letters of marque, as President Hilarión Daza offered on March 26, 1879. However, Chile disregarded Bolivia's legal rights and preferred to consolidate its dispossession by force of arms.

Attempts at international mediation

During the conflict, the United States proposed a peaceful solution. President James Garfield assigned his Secretary of State, James Blaine, to negotiate a fair peace agreement. However, the British Empire actively obstructed diplomatic talks to protect its financial interests, as evidenced by the subsequent distribution of wealth and war booty. #MAAB © 2026

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Identity and Reclaiming

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Billie Eilish Concert at Granada Theater in Dallas Texas

 

Billie Eilish Concert at Granada Theater in

 Dallas Texas

By Marco A. Ayllon B.

Nautilus Entertainment News

Dallas TX, November 13, 2018

Yes, Billie Eilish belongs to the Dallas city teenagers. Today, on November 13, 2018, we went to a “Billie Eilish” concert with my daughter Kellsey (15) and my son Hallsten (9) and their group of friends. Everybody had a hard time purchasing those tickets together months in advance.  A lot of followers were disappointed in Dallas and as well as in other cities. All tickets were bought up by application software bots in less than a second.

True fans were unable to buy tickets despite their long wait until the last minute when all ticketing web sites started selling tickets for the Billie Eilish concert. Now those tickets are being resold at 10 times the original cost on StubHub. Just wanted to surprise my daughter and son for another city, and I could not purchase using popular sites. On Billie Eilish’s Twitter account, she mentioned: “We just added a new show in Atlanta and Austin. Sign up for early access to my tickets.”

In Dallas, at one of the best High Schools of United States called “Townview High school of Health Professions,” many students from the School of Health were disappointed after finding out how bots disable their dreams to purchase a concert ticket.

On November 13, at the Granada Theater in Dallas, Texas, I felt out of place because I wore an elegant shirt and comfortable slacks, while as others wore jeans and t-shirts. The crowd was collectively a foot shorter than any other live show crowd I’ve been to at the same venue. The audience was comprised primarily of teenagers, adolescent clusters, mostly girls—the only thing throwing off the shorter–than–average mean height were the parent chaperones that bobbed along adjacent to their respective offspring.

It makes sense that Eilish appeals to teenage girls, considering she is one herself. At the tender yet mighty age of 16, her youth is less betrayed by her lyrical content, swelling production, and commanding energy than by the fans who turn out in droves, decked out in identical neon merchandise with phones poised at the ready.

Eilish emerges as a hooded figure on top of a huge lighted spider, and a straight blue hair color, and a landscape of sound, fog, and flashing lights immersing the audience in her Billie’s Eilish world. Pulsing colors and almost theatrical production introduce her to the tune of “my boy.” She spins across stage, filling the lofted venue with a bounding energy. Repeatedly throughout the show, she commands the audience to “fucking JUMP,” and at her plea they of course do, to songs like “bellyache” and “&burn.” 

Kellsey and brother, Hallsten Ayllon, chanted and jumped along their friends on this special Billie Eilish concert. Kellsey mentioned: “We saw Billie happy and energetic, however I noticed she did not sing one of her unreleased songs.” Hallsten said, “Today is my first concert, and Billie performed excellent. I had a good time at Granada Theater in Dallas. I had just come from a Basketball game against Lake Highlands preparatory in Dallas, and my team played a good game. Unfortunately, we lost today, but coming to this concert changed my spirit.”

Billie addressed the room with a magnetism belonging to the kind of cool girl who is maybe too scary to approach, but when you get to know her, you’re relieved she’s equally as chaotic, insecure, cheery, high-spirited, curious, etc. You relish when she lets you in on her darker undersides, her secret vengeances, and her vulnerabilities.

The blue–haired chick sparkled in the colorful lights with an urgent energy that’s just as quickly offset when she cracks up at the absurdity of it all. In the space between two songs, the crowd cheering at blood–curdling pitches, Eilish laughs and exclaims, “Damn, whatchall want!” and the audience laughs loudly, along with her. 

“If you hate yourself, this song is for you,” Billie announces as the piano picks up the opening chords of “idontwannabeyouanymore.” Exclamations of concert-goers could be heard, “OMG so me!” weaving their way into the sound waves. The lyrics are an ode to the self–deprecation of female adolescence, rendered forgivingly.

She confronts the heartbreak of self–love with compassion and unflinching honesty: “Don't be that way/Fall apart twice a day/I just wish you could feel what you say.” Eilish laments being “told a tight dress is what makes you a whore” in her all black with white letters in athletic ensemble of a Balenciaga sweatshirt and black-colored sweat pants. In contrast, the darkly anthemic “you should see me in a crown” parades her determination and confidence with an electric-blue colored Crown given to her onstage by Hallsten Ayllon.  Billie's self–assuredness is less a shield and more a complement to the kinks in her armor. 

More recent releases arrange loneliness as a spectrum of personal fictions: “You can pretend you don't miss me/You can pretend you don't care,” she repeats in “bitches broken hearts.” Inverting the perspective, she admits “I could lie, say I like it like that, like it like that” in “when the party’s over.” In a room full of people, these kinds of desolate confessions—concessions to desolation—have a way of bringing people together. 

Billie Eilish charges the live production to offset the emotional and intense faculty of her music.

Later, she catches everyone off guard with a trap remix of the Mii Plaza song to the delight of the audience. She jumped up and down to the rhythm of the music and danced with passion. She reminds us that there is joy and cleansing in being present with each other. Dancing and letting go, laughing at life’s absurdities—such as when an audience member presented her a flower bouquet, Billie joyfully embraced the roses to her heart and bashfully said, “Aw, my heart is beating so fast!” 

In many ways, Billie Eilish can be seen as a product of a digitally native generation—one that confronts existential crises by sharing memes and simultaneously concerns itself, necessarily, with the future of a world in crisis. She is empowered to contend with the full range of complexity and emotion of personhood, of femininity, and of becoming. To this end, she belongs to her following as much as they belong to her, her success joining with the multi–dimensional grasp on the world her audience achieves.

Hallsten alleged, “I know all of Billie Eilish’s songs and today I enjoyed her music and her concert. At 9 years old, I’m learning what it means to become a teenager and be able to make big decisions when I feel not nearly as far away from becoming a teenager as I thought I would be.”

Kellsey retorted, “Coming to Billie’s concert with my family was so special to me. Today I screamed, and I sung all of Billie Eilish’s songs. Being still 15 is exhausting because of my busy schedule. Between my soccer games and practices and challenging school work, I had made an effort to come! As students, we feel drained and exhausted, and on weekends we sometime become too absorbed by our routines, and I don’t try to let them consume me (sometimes they still do).

Sometimes, we as teenagers get lonely, withdrawn, and insecure. Most of the time, I want to ignite the fire in my veins rather than diffuse it by jumping along Billie Eilish’s melodies, to the flashing lights and explosive percussion and, yes, to try to continue to stay ahead of those girls my age.”

Rounding off her concert hour, Eilish enchants the audience in the encore with “ocean eyes,” a defusal of heartache and a lesson in indulging in all of your stomach–in–knots feelings at once. Her final song is the detonating “COPYCAT,” and then she takes her bows, exiting to a recording of the theme song from The Office. Billie Eilish’s ability to mix humor with self–deprecation, confidence with confession, and a big Tarantula spider with heartache and remorse, make her a powerhouse. She is wise, not in spite of her years, but in light of them. MAAB © 2018

 ¿Quiénes son los Bolivianos?

¿Cuáles son los 4 Verdaderos Macrosegmentos Raciales y sus Porcentajes Sobre las Diferentes Razas que Viven en Bolivia?

Jovenes Mujeres Hermosas Bolivianas 

Cholita Boliviana

Bailarina con indumentaria Boliviana Hecho de Alpaca Wool

Bailarina del Caporal 100 X 100to Boliviano

Carnaval de Ouro en Bolivia y Bailarinas de Caporal

Por Marco Antonio Ayllón Bueno
Octubre 8, 2023
Bolivian Journal News

"Los Nativos Bolivianos (y los mezclados con sus otras razas bolivianas) son menos del 30%, mientras que los residentes Euro-Bolivianos, hijos de Euripeos, mezclados, y casados con bolivanos son más del 40%, los Europeos y sus descendientes son el 25%, los Bolivianos que provienen de otros países y los nacionalizados son el 5% de los Bolivianos". 

Este es un interesante tema sobre "Quiénes son los Bolivianos y sus Representaciones Étnicas que Viven este País". Para esplicar este tema, debemos explicar la desinformación en la web y la incorrecta información que divulgó el actual gobierno de Bolivia y que está equivocada en la web y también en otras publicaciónes. Hace más de 16 años, el partido político corrupto del (MAS) que injustamente está en el gobierno de Bolivia dirigida por su depravado y disoluto expresidente Evo Morales y seguidas en la actualidad en su tercera oportunidad de gobierno por el subsiguiente y actual presidente corrupto por el mismo partido el MAS, Luis Arce Catacora, impulsaron y usaron una falsa información demográfica sobre quienes viven en Bolivia.

Ellos impucieron falsos números porcentuales para impulsar una división de las diferentes razas bolivianas y justificaron su denominado “Estado Plurinacional” y con esto, pucieron y acomodaron injustamente más representantes estatales campesinos en el congreso, más que la mayoria de los cupos para los citadinos. Así, recientemente presentaron Bolivia ante el mundo, con más originarios nativos bolivianos.

En la actualidad este cambió al Estado Plurinacional junto a otra bandera a cuadros multicolores denominada bandera andina boliviana, no es aceptada por la mayoría de  ciudadanos bolivianos. Nos agrada más llamarnos Republica de Bolivia. No utilizamos la palabra Indígena, porque es antigua y menosprecia a otra raza, (Indígena es una palabra es antigua y relacionada con ciudadanos de la India) sino, usamos la palabra "nativo" Nativo Boliviano.

En Bolivia, legalmente, los Nativos Bolivianos (y los mezclados con sus otras razas bolivianas) son menos del 30%, mientras que los residentes Euro-Bolivianos, hijos de Euripeos, mezclados, y casados con bolivanos son más del 40%, los Europeos y sus descendientes son el 25%, los Bolivianos que provienen de otros países y los nacionalizados son el 5% de los Bolivianos. 

Existen personas que por unos centavos, deslealmente publican en la web información errónea sobre las razas en Bolvia, no investigan, son persónas comunes que ilegalmente están escibiendo información que no tiene validez academica, desconócen los actuales datos demográficos, carecen de una correcta información sobre Bolivia, y creen que ”la parte dominante de los Bolivianos son los Aimaras y Quechuas”. 

Creemos que estos protervos y deshonestos investigadores del gobiernos del partido del MAS, manipularon e impucieron deslealmente datos totalmente equivocados.

La parte dominante boliviana son los Euro-Bolivianos que son más del 40% del poblacion, en este segmento viven en los 9 departamentos o estados de Bolivia. 

Una gran parte de la comunidad de Aimaras y Quechuas bolivianos, emigraron en mayor proporción a distintos países y con mayor número a la Argentina, España, y a el Brasil masivamente donde hicieron conoccer un poco sobre su cultura, su raza y de la idiosincracia del boliviano e interacionalmente los conocieron, pero solo conocieron un segmento porcentual menor sobre la mayoria de bolivianos. 

Nuestros imigrantes bolivianos Aimarars y Quechuas, casi en su mayoría se destacan como buenos imigrantes y se hicieron conocer por ser buenos ciudadanos, inteligentes trabajadores y honestos. Miles de estos inmigrantes Aimaras bolivianos se volvieron hombres y mujeres empresarios en diferentes países, administradores de sus propios negocios en en muchos paises en todo el mundo y prosperaron rápidamente económicamente gracias a su tenacidad y a su cultura milenaria, y a su trabajo honesto. 

En Bolivia, el mayór segmento poblacional porcentual son los Euro-Bolivianos y viven en todos los estados o departamentos de Bolivia. (ver Tabla No.1) apreciaran los 4 principales Segmentos de Razas en Bolivia y el porcentage de Extranjeros que viven en Bolivia. 

No.  de Macrosegmentos	Segmentos de Razas Bolivianas y Extranjeras que viven en Bolivia	Porcentajes / Sobre el 100%
1	Los Nativos Bolivianos (En sus diferentes razas)	30%
2	Euro-Bolivianos	40%
3	Los Europeos	25%
4	Bolivianos de otros países y Extranjeros	5%.
	Total:	100%

Tabla No. 1, Principales Segmentos de Razas y Datos Oficiales Demográficos en Bolivia junto a los  Extranjeros que viven en Bolivia. Octubre 2023

Seguidamente, les mostrareremos una relación de los diferentes climas junto a sus regiónes donde viven los principales segmentos poblacionales bolivianos. En La Primera Metrópolis de Bolivia Ciudad La Paz y en el Departamento o Estado de La Paz, tenemos una variedad de climas desde los 5 Grados C hasta los 38 Grados C todo el año con regiones verdes llenos de selva y palmeras hasta regiones frías en las alturas que rodean el Lago Más Alto del Mundo, La región de Los Yungas, Coroico está a 45 minutos desde el centro de la 1ra Metrópolis Ciudad La Paz.  

En la región del norte llamado El Alto Beni en el Depertamento o Estado de La Paz, hasta el sur a 45 minutos del centro de la ciudad, tenemos zonas tropicales, ciudades y pueblos mágicos con bastante fruta tropicales y una diversa fauna con distintos animales que habitan las sabanas tropicales, valles, y selvas que son áreas extensas que son parte del departamento de La Paz. En este departamento viven una variedad de Nativos Bolivianos, otro grán porcentage poblacional, están mezclados con Europeos y en menor porcentage viven los imigrantes de otras nacionalidades. 

Bailarina Boliviana de La Primera Metropolis de Bolivia Ciudad La Paz

Representante de La Mujer Boliviana del Occidente

Para conocer más sobre nuestro país Bolivia, vengan a conocerla. Les invitamos y los recibiremos con los brazos abiertos en la Primera Metrópolis de Bolivia, ciudad La Paz, cuando vengan, podrán explorar nuestras distintas regiones de nuestro maravilloso departamento. Conocerán una de las mejores regiones junto a las zonas o barrios elegantes o ciudades verdes y pueblos tropicales como Sorata, Luribay, Apolo, Los Yungas, Copacabana. Quime, Alto Beni, Coroico, Viscachani, Irpavi, Bellavista, y La Zona Sur de La Paz, entre otras importantes. En el occidente de Bolivia tenemos ciudades grandes como la de La Paz, y Cochabamba, Tarija, Santa Cruz, y son admiradas por otros países y reconocidas por su diversidad y su comida, por revistas y organizaciones de turismo y viajes relevantes como Trip Advisor y Lonely Planet.

Es por eso que, en las distintas ciudades del occidente de Bolivia, siguen llegando turistas de Europeos y Norteamericanos con mayor flujo a los diferentes destinos turísticos de la 1ra Metrópolis de Bolivia Ciudad La Paz.

Bolivia, es un país Grande, diverso, con extensiones grandes de Selva, Sabanas Tropicales, Valles, Chaco en el Sur, tambien, con salida a los nevados de Los Andes en el nor-este, y donde se comparte la cultura Aimara con la Argentina y con el Perú. También,  tenemos otras grandes culturas como Los Afro-Bolivianos, Guaranís, Chiquitanos, y el Moxeño entre otros. 

En Bolivia radican otras nacionalidades que llegaron en grupos, y grandes acentamientos extranjeros que llegaron para radicar, estudiar, como la comunidad de Menonitas Holandeses, de Japoneses, de Judíos, Afro-Bolivianos, Alemanes, tenemos una gran comunidad de Croatas Hustachas, Griegas, Espanoles, Norteamericánas, Argentinas, Brasileras, y de otros países y otras razas en el mundo y de Sudamérica.

Los bolivianos son amables, trabajadores, respetan su cultura, y su historia que la hicieron sus propios valientes ciudadanos.

¿Sabían que el 1er presidente de la Argentina era un Dr. Boliviano nacido en Potosí, Bolivia?, muchos argentinos no la saben o no quieren recordar a propósito. El nombre de la Ciudad de San Luis de Potosí en Mexico fue gracias al nombre de la ciudad de Potosí en Bolivia, lo mismo del nombre de la región y del Río de la Plata en Buenos Aires, fue en honor a toda la plata y las toneladas que llegaban a esos puertos desde Potosí en Bolivia con destino a Europa, por entonces en la Argentina no había producción y extracción de plata en toda esa región portuaria. El Nombre de la playa de Copacabana en Río de Janeiro en Brasil se debe al nombre de la bahía de Copacabana en Bolivia situada en el lago mas alto del mundo. (Pueden Googlear).

Jovenes Mujeres Bolivianas

Bailarina de la Marvel City La Paz Bolivia

Bolivia es un enorme país en Sudamérica, poblado con diferentes razas, con grandes extensiones de selva tropical, de sabanas, llenas de árboles, de valles, llenos con palmeras, y con animales exóticos. En Bolivia tenemos regiones llenas de fauna, peces, que son el pulmón del planeta Tierra, llenos de frutas tropicales, lagos y ríos.

En el occidente de Bolivia, allí desde el oeste medio hacia el nor-este tiene otra parte con acceso a la región occidental, cerca la cordillera de Los Andes, allí estan sus altas montañas con nieve, sys valles, y sus grandes ciudades de La Paz, Oruro y Potosi. 

Para los que no la conocen, existe un error de apreciación a la grande y diversa ciudad La Paz, creen que solo esta entre alturas y montañas nevadas. ¿Sabian?, la ciudad de La Paz, aparte de tener acceso a las cordilleras de Los Andes, tiene más del 60% de acceso de su territorio a las tierras tropicales del Amazonas y del Brasil, con selvas tropicales, con palmeras, sabanas, valles y regiones cálidas donde su clima, todo el año es tropical y hace más de 35 a 40 Grados C todo el año. En esta region tropical viven el 60% de Euro-Bolivianos, y un 30% de Nativos Bolivianos.

El territorio de Bolivia abarca más de 1.098.581 kilómetros cuadrados. Con esto se posiciona como el quinto país con más territorio en Sudamérica, comparable al área de Francia y España juntos. Bolivia es un país más grande que Alemania, la supuesta potencia de Europa. Bolivia en superficie por km2 súpera a países vecinos como a Chile, Uruguay, Ecuador, Venezuela y Paraguay. Bolivia es el 8vo país más extenso de América; solo nuestro departamento o estado llamado Santa Cruz es más extenso que Ecuador, más de la mitad de Chile y casi toda la superficie de Paraguay juntos. Bolivia es el Quinto entre los más grandes en extensión en Sudamérica.

Bolivia, para ciertas personas incultas y que no la conocen, deslealmente le llaman 'País Altiplánico'.. ¿No sabian?, para su informacion, el 70% de este hermoso país es Amazónico, Chaquieño, y rodeado de lindos valles, sabanas, selva tropical, chaco seco. Un 30% esta cerca de sus majestuosas montañas nevadas y con una variedad de pueblos magicos, de grandes lagos, lagunas, posos, rios, y de su linda gente. 

Fuentes en Video: en Facebook que les mostrara un poco sobre lo grande y diverso que es la Republica de Boliva. https://www.facebook.com/reel/685740979756313

¡Bienvenidos a Bolivia! Este es su Libro digital y portal de Información y Datos Generales dela república de Bolivia. https://visiteboliviaysucultura.blogspot.com/?m=0 

En Bolivia, Chola es una denominación étnica referida a mujeres nativas de muchas regiones de Bolivia y provenientes de matrimonios con Españoles. 

https://www.facebook.com/LaPazSkyline/photos/a.967290473401775/967291596734996/?type=3&locale=ms_MY 

Bibliografía:

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236078879_The_Genetic_Legacy_of_the_Pre-Colonial_Period_in_Contemporary_Bolivians#pf5
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23948324/
• https://ictnews.org/archive/where-have-all-the-indigenous-gone-bolivia-sees-20-percent-drop
• https://www.iwgia.org/es/bolivia.html#:~:text=Pueblos%20ind%C3%ADgenas%20en%20Bolivia&text=Existen%2036%20pueblos%20reconocidos%2C%20siendo,la%20regi%C3%B3n%20oriental%20del%20pa%C3%ADs.
• http://www.bolivia.de/es/bolivia/culturas/
• https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2018/09/14/10-cosas-que-los-bolivianos-hacen-mejor-que-nadie/#:~:text=Bolivia%20es%20%E2%80%9Cla%20naci%C3%B3n%20m%C3%A1s,los%20pueblos%20ind%C3%ADgenas%20del%20mundo%E2%80%9D.
• https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/5-reasons-not-to-skip-la-paz/index.html
• http://www.bolivia.de/es/bolivia/datos-generales/#:~:text=Se%20trata%20de%20una%20tierra,selva%20amaz%C3%B3nica%20ocasionas%20lluvias%20significativas.
• https://www.cronista.com/apertura/empresas/por-que-fracaso-mcdonalds-en-bolivia-historia-de-un-cierre-anunciado/
• https://www.servindi.org/actualidad/91607
• https://red.pucp.edu.pe/ridei/politica/bolivia-censo-2012-algunas-claves-para-entender-la-variable-indigena/
• https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_venezolana_en_Bolivia
• http://www.ine.gov.bo:8082/censo/make_table.jsp?query=poblacion_06
• https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bolivia/
• https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Censo_Poblacion_1900_T2.pdf
• https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/bolivia/data.html
• http://theidentitychef.com/2009/09/06/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution/
• https://bolivia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Censo_Poblacion_1900_T2.pdf